(A)  Colorimetric Bio-Detection

The colorimetric bio-detection assay is a color change-based protein detection method with ultrahigh sensitivity. This assay is based on both the bio-barcode amplification method that allows for detecting miniscule amount of targets with attomolar sensitivity and nanoparticle-based colorimetric detection method that allows for simple and straightforward detection of biomolecules of interest important biomarker for many immunodeficiency-related diseases and environmental pollution.

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(B) Toxicity of Nanoparticles and CORONA phenomenon study

Nanoparticles have toxic properties to humans, insects and animals, plants, and environmental constituents (ex: soil beneficial bacteria). Moreover, there are some reports on their hypothetical mechanisms of action including pit formation on the cell membrane, DNA damage, activation of antioxidant enzymes, depletion of antioxidant molecules and etc. They have broad application in agriculture industry and plant sciences, and in those scientific fields a broad range of experimental methods having various chemical, (ex: culturing media), and physical conditions, (ex: temperature, pH and etc.), have been used. The culturing media composed of a range of organic and inorganic compounds, (ex: carbohydrates, metallic ions and etc.). We try to study the Corona formation and mechanism of NPs action or biological systems are comparable? 

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C) Ultra-High Dilutions application in plant science 

Ultra-High Dilutions (UHDs) have been used in the field of humans, animals, and plant treatments. The usage of UHDs in the field of plants is associated with their prevention and empowerment against stress conditions such as radiations, drought/dehydration, salinity or exposure to pathogens and pests. Despite the ambiguity of the mechanism, it must change the research paradigm, lack of adequate information, the essence of scientific discovery, and UHDs effects. There is not enough information on plant molecular and chemical variations treated with the UHDs as in most cases, it reduces the suspicion of accepting their effect. We try to study the molecular and chemical results of the UHDs effect on the plant.